منابع مشابه
Discovering unique tobacco use patterns among Alaska Native people
BACKGROUND Alaska Native people are disproportionately impacted by tobacco-related diseases in comparison to non-Native Alaskans. DESIGN We used Alaska's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to describe tobacco use among more than 4,100 Alaska Native adults, stratified by geographic region and demographic groups. RESULTS Overall tobacco use was high: approximately 2 out of eve...
متن کاملThe prevalence of tobacco use among Alaska adults.
The Alaska Division of Public Health monitors the prevalence of smoking and other tobacco use among Alaska adults through the Alaska Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, a telephone survey performed in cooperation with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). A total of approximately 1530 interviews are completed each year in Alaska by specially trained interviewers. Th...
متن کاملTrampling Effects on Coastal Dune
Long-term human trampling on coastal dune vegetation was analysed using eight 100 × 100m study areas ranging in trampling intensity JJ'om little or no past trampling pressure to severe trampling pressure. All trampling levels significantly reduced species diversity. Total vegetation cover was significantly reduced only in areas with severe and heavy trampling pressure. Where long-term moderate ...
متن کاملAlaska Native smokers and smokeless tobacco users with slower CYP2A6 activity have lower tobacco consumption, lower tobacco-specific nitrosamine exposure and lower tobacco-specific nitrosamine bioactivation.
Nicotine, the psychoactive ingredient in tobacco, is metabolically inactivated by CYP2A6 to cotinine. CYP2A6 also activates procarcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNA). Genetic variation in CYP2A6 is known to alter smoking quantity and lung cancer risk in heavy smokers. Our objective was to investigate how CYP2A6 activity influences tobacco consumption and procarcinogen levels in light...
متن کاملHerbivore grazing—or trampling? Trampling effects by a large ungulate in cold high‐latitude ecosystems
Mammalian herbivores have important top-down effects on ecological processes and landscapes by generating vegetation changes through grazing and trampling. For free-ranging herbivores on large landscapes, trampling is an important ecological factor. However, whereas grazing is widely studied, low-intensity trampling is rarely studied and quantified. The cold-adapted northern tundra reindeer (Ra...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Tobacco Control
سال: 1998
ISSN: 0964-4563
DOI: 10.1136/tc.7.4.340c